Clause
A clause consists of a subject and a verb and is the smallest grammatical unit that expresses a thought.
What is a clause? In its simplest form, a clause in grammar is a subject plus a verb. The subject is the entity “doing” the action of the sentence and the verb is the action that subject completes. A clause creates a complete thought (an idea or a statement that can stand alone).
A complete thought is also called a main clause or independent clause (IC).
Examples of clauses:
- Subject + verb. = complete thought (IC)
- I eat. = complete thought (IC)
- Sharon speaks. = complete thought (IC)
What is an Independent Clause?
Independent clause definition: An independent clause can stand alone in a sentence. It contains a subject and a verb in its smallest form. A clause may also include modifiers and a verb predicate.
Example of Independent Clauses:
- Subject + verb (predicate). = complete thought (IC)
- I eat bananas. = complete thought (IC)
Example of Independent Clauses:
- I eat bananas in the kitchen.
- In the kitchen, I eat.
What is a Dependent Clauses?
Dependent clause definition:Dependent clauses contain a subject and verb. However, they cannot stand alone as an independent thought. They must be joined with an independent clause to be grammatically correct.
Example of Dependent Clause:
- Every night before I go to bed, I eat bananas.
This example contains the IC, “I eat bananas.” However, a dependent clause now opens the sentence. While the dependent clause contains a subject and a verb (“I go”), the dependent clause itself cannot stand alone a complete thought.
Example of Dependent Clause:
- Every night before I go to bed
This is not a complete thought and therefore not a sentence in English. Every night before I go to bed…what happens? This idea must be joined with an independent clause to be grammatically correct.
Sentence
a sentence is a set of words that contain:
- a subject (what the sentence is about, the topic of the sentence), and
- a predicate (what is said about the subject)
The kinds of sentences are:
Simple Sentences
A simple sentence contains a subject and a verb, and it may also have an object and modifiers. However, it contains only oneindependent clause.
Here are a few examples:
- She read.
- She completed her literature review.
- He organized his sources by theme.
Compound Sentences
A compound sentence contains at least two independent clauses. These two independent clauses can be combined with a comma and a coordinating conjunction or with a semicolon.
Here are a few examples:
- She completed her literature review,and she created her reference list.
- He organized his sources by theme;then, he updated his reference list.
Complex Sentences
A complex sentence contains at least one independent clause and at least onedependent clause. Dependent clauses can refer to the subject (who, which) the sequence/time (since, while), or the causal elements (because, if) of the independent clause.
Here are a few examples:
- Although she completed her literature review,(dc)she still needed to work on her methods section.(ic)
- Note the comma in this sentence because it begins with a dependent clause.
- Because he organized his sources by theme,(dc) it was easier for his readers to follow.(ic)
- Note the comma in this sentence because it begins with a dependent clause.
Compound-Complex Sentences
Sentence types can also be combined. A compound-complex sentence contains at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
Examples:
- She completed her literature review,but she still needs to work on her methods section(ic) even though she finished her methods course last semester.(dc)
- Although he organized his sources by theme,(dc)he decided to arrange them chronologically, and he carefully followed the MEAL plan for organization.(ic)
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